キーワード: 都市計画、地域計画、まちづくり、デザイン、経営
20 世紀の都市計画は、人口増加、経済発展に伴う都市の発展・拡大に対応し、様々な計画技術面での発展をとげてきました。しかし、特に1980 年代半ば以降の世界的な経済社会構造の転換や公共セクターの役割の弱体化等に伴い、都市計画の方法論とその担い手にも構造転換が進行しています。
リサーチユニット「都市・地域の経営とデザイン」は、都市・地域経営における課題の多様化が進行する中で、個別専門分野ごとの進化のみにとどまらず、「分野横断的な知の統合」に基づいた国際的視野のもと、都市・地域の経営とデザインの新たな方法論を創出することを目的としています。
21世紀の都市は、先進国では縮小し、発展途上国では拡大する
先進国の中で、日本は少子高齢化に伴う都市問題に最も早く直面しています。都市の発展的縮小化という新たな課題への日本の対応策は、今後他の国から注目を集めるでしょう。
一方で発展途上国ではメガシティと呼ばれる巨大都市が多数出現しており、経済社会のグローバル化、地球環境問題の深刻化などの背景の下で、開発と保全のバランスを踏まえた持続可能な都市・地域のあり方を探ることが不可欠になっています。
本リサーチユニットは、ドイツ及び韓国の大学からの研究者をメンバーに迎えて活動しています。更にメンバーは中国、イギリス、アメリカ、カナダ、アフリカ等の様々な国の研究者との協働の機会を有しています。こうした連携活動を通じて、上述した地球規模的課題への解決策を探っています。
個別組織・個別専門分野を横断した協働活動によって理論と実践の連携を図る
本リサーチユニットには、土地利用、交通計画、ランドスケープ、建築計画、都市史、都市設計、都市解析、街並み保存、自治体経営、住宅政策、都市犯罪、地理学等の様々な分野の専門家が集まりました。更に、各メンバーは多様な企業(不動産、鉄道、建設等)、公的機関(自治体、公的研究機関等)及び市民セクター等との連携も活発に行っています。
本リサーチユニットの活動を通じて、従来までの都市づくりにおいて指摘されてきた個別組織・個別専門分野毎の縦割りによる弊害を乗り越え、「分野横断的な知の統合」を図ることにより、新たな理論と実践の連携のあり方を探求しています。
社会への貢献・実績
- 自治体との連携、まちづくりワークショップ開催等、学術指導等(つくば市、土浦市、桜川市、神栖市、他多数)
- 韓国・漢陽大学校及び韓国国土研究院との協働
- ドイツ・ルール大学及び自治体、企業及び市民セクターとの協働による国際ワークショップの開催(ルール大学(ドイツ)、都市再生機構、東京都、横浜市、川崎市、墨田区、不動産会社、鉄道会社等との協働)
- その他国際連携活動(中国、イギリス、ドイツ、カナダ、アメリカ、アフリカ等)
- その他企業等との連携活動(株式会社プレイスメディア、「パッシブタウン黒部モデル(YKK 株式会社)」のランドスケープデザイン等)
取材:平成27年9月7日
Re-establishment of urban and regional management from cross-sectional/international perspectives
Unit members : Yamamoto Sachiko Matsubara, Kosuke Murakami, Akinobu Taniguchi, Mamoru Watanabe, Shun Fujii, Sayaka
Unit name: Urban and Regional Management/Design Research Unit
Key words: urban planning, regional planning, city development, design, management
In the 20th century, a variety of urban planning techniques were developed in response to the advancement and expansion of urban cities due to an increase in the population and economic development. However, since the global economic and social structures changed, and the roles fulfilled by public sectors were reduced, in the late 1980s, in particular, there have been structural changes in methodologies for urban planning and the people involved in it.
To address the issue of the diversification of problems related to urban/regional management, the research unit: “Urban and Regional Management/Design”, aims to develop new methodologies for the management and design of urban cities and communities, focusing on progress in each of the specialized fields, from international perspectives based on the “integration of knowledge from different academic fields”.
In the 21st century, cities in developed countries will become smaller, and those in developing countries are expected to expand.
Japan started to face urban problems due to the declining birth rate combined with the aging of the population earlier than any other developed country. Measures were implemented by Japan to address the new issue – the progressive downsizing of urban cities.
In developing countries, there has been an increase in the number of huge cities called mega cities, and it has become increasingly important to discuss sustainable cities and areas while maintaining a balance between development and conservation, as the economic society becomes more globalized and environmental problems become more serious.
The research unit has invited researchers from German and Korean universities. In addition, members of the unit have opportunities to collaborate with researchers from other countries, including China, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and African countries. The unit explores solutions to the above-mentioned global problems through these collaborative activities.
Integration of theories and their implementation through collaborative activities by researchers from different organizations and specialties
The research unit consists of specialists from various fields such as land use, transportation planning, landscape, architectural planning, urban history, urban design, urban analysis, streetscape conservation, management of municipalities, housing policy, urban crime, and geography. Members of the unit also actively collaborate with many different companies (including real estate, railway, and construction companies), public organizations (including local governments and public research institutions), and the citizen sector.
It has been pointed out that urban development is implemented by independent individual organizations in each specific field. The research unit promotes the “integration of knowledge obtained from a variety of fields” to address this problem, and discusses new methods for collaboration between theories and their implementation.
Social contributions and achievements
- Collaboration with local governments, workshops for city development, academic advice (Tsukuba City, Tsuchiura City, Sakuragawa City, Kamisu City, and other cities and towns)
- Collaboration with the Hanyang University and the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements in Korea
- International workshops in collaboration with the Ruhr University (Germany), local governments, companies, and citizen sectors (the Ruhr University in Germany, the Urban Renaissance Agency, Tokyo Metropolis, Yokohama City, Kawasaki City, Sumida Ward, real estate companies, and railway companies)
- Other international collaborative activities (China, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, America, African countries, etc.)
- Other collaborative activities with companies (PLACEMEDIA, land scape design for “Passive Town Kurobe Model” (YKK Corporation), etc.)
Interviewed on September 7, 2015