国立大学法人筑波大学（学長：永田恭介）が F1000 Research社との契約に基づき開発を進めてきた筑波大学ゲートウェイ（※注１）が完成し、論文公開が始まりました。
これは、研究者が英語か日本語で論文が出版できる、世界初のオープンリサーチ出版ゲートウェイとなります。このゲートウェイでは、すべての成果がオープンアクセスで出版されるため、だれでも自由に読むことができます。また、プレプリントの利点（編集バイアスのない迅速な公開を提供）と質と透明性を保証するメカニズム（招待制の公開査読、アーカイブ化、書誌データベースへの収録）を組み合わせたF1000Research出版モデルを利用します。
すでに、英語論文の公開査読が始まっています。査読が完了すれば、Scopus等に自動で登録されます。日本語論文も、まもなく公開されます。
https://www.tsukuba.ac.jp/news/pdf/p202103181600-jp.pdf
用語解説
（※注１）：「ゲートウェイ」
機関または組織向けにパーソナライズされたポータルのこと。
関係者のコメント
～永田恭介（筑波大学長）のコメント～
出版言語の垣根を超えた出版プラットフォームを作ることは、分野や地域の分断を超える手段の一つとして、大きな意味があると思います。筑波大学は総合大学として、人文社会学系の研究者の価値をより世界に知ってもらうために何かしら工夫していかなければならないと考えてきました。今回作った筑波大学ゲートウェイは日本語の論文の投稿も可能で、一定の条件を満たせば国際的な論文データベースに論文がインデックスされる仕組みです。（『ブランカ』VOL.7, 2021, p.16）
「科学者の手に、学者の手に、研究の主体を戻さなければいけない」、我々が投げかけたい最も重要なメッセージはこれに尽きます。（『ブランカ』VOL.7, 2021, p.7）
～レベッカ・ローレンス（F1000 Research社, Managing Director）のコメント～
私たちと筑波大学の取り組みはアジアやそれ以外の国々から大きな注目を集めています。私たちはいま、より広い視野に立って多言語出版の可能性を見つめています。これは、学術出版を学術コミュニティのニーズと合致させる、というF1000の信念にも合っています。（『ブランカ』VOL.7, 2021, p.30）
～矢作直也（医学医療系准教授）のコメント～
この度はF1000Research・筑波大学ゲートウェイのローンチ、おめでとうございます。
今回投稿させて頂きました論文は、これまでに5つの雑誌から掲載を拒否されてきた論文でしたが、筑波大学ゲートウェイではスムーズに掲載が決まり、レビューアーからも高いご評価を頂くことができました。また、「この論文をぜひ読んで頂きたい」という方々をレビューアー候補として編集部に推挙させて頂き、結果的にそういう方々に実名でレビューして頂けたのも大変幸せな経験でした。「rejectされない安心感」「読んで欲しい方にレビューしてもらえる」この2つのメリットは非常に大きく、ちょっと病みつきになりそうです。
～伊藤秀明（人文社会系助教）のコメント～
筑波大学ゲートウェイに投稿した動機は迅速な査読体制と投稿者による査読者の推薦という形式に興味を持ったことにあります。これまでの投稿では、数ヶ月、長い時には数年、投稿しては査読者の評価を待つという受け身な姿勢を歯がゆく感じることもありました。筑波大学ゲートウェイでは、同じく査読者の評価を受けるという点は変わりませんが、論文が査読前から公開されることにより査読者のコメントも多様な研究者の一つであり、その評価を論文に反映させ、さらに深めていくということが可能になったと感じたからです。また、投稿者による査読者の推薦も上記のような点を考える際に、世界中の研究者に投稿者が主導して意見を求めることができるという点で、これまでの受け身な査読体制とは異なる大きなメリットだと感じています。
～東野篤子（人文社会系准教授）のコメント～
2020年はコロナ禍のため、せっかくプロポーザルがアクセプトされていた海外の学会がすべてキャンセル・延期となってしまいました。このため、英語論文を口頭発表しフィードバックを得て、査読付ジャーナルへの投稿準備を進めるという通常のプロセスがストップしてしまい、困っていたところ、同僚が筑波大学ゲートウェイの投稿を勧めて下さいました。
査読前の論文をウェブ上に掲載し、その後にコメントをもらうという筑波大学ゲートウェイは、私が主に論文を発表してきた海外学会の方式とも近く、すんなりとなじむことが出来ました。また論文を筑波大学ゲートウェイに投稿して掲載されるまでの期間、F1000社の編集チームが非常に丁寧なエディティングやフォーマティングを行ってくれたのも、大変ありがたいことだと思っております。
2021年3月2日に論文が掲載されてから、本日（同8日）でちょうど1週間となりますが、特段の宣伝をしていなくとも現段階ですでにページビュー数が100を超えており、研究成果発信のための非常に強力なツールであると実感しました。唯一のネックは投稿費が高額（1350ドル）なことだと思いますが、今回は人社系による投稿費支援に採択していただけ、大変助かりました。コロナ禍における新しい研究発信形態のひとつとして、今後とも活用したいと考えております。
～秋山 肇（人文社会系助教）のコメント～
新型コロナ対策について、日本国憲法の観点から研究しています。社会的関心の高いタイムリーな話題ですので、日本の一般の方にも読んでいただける日本語論文を即時的に発表したいと考えていました。また、自然科学の研究者も使用するF1000Researchの一部である本ゲートウェイに掲載されると、新型コロナを研究するグローバルな研究者にも、英文抄録を通して日本の法的な議論に触れていただけるため、意義があると感じ、本ゲートウェイに投稿しました。即時的に日本社会とグローバルな研究者双方に研究成果を発信できるのが、本ゲートウェイの魅力です。また、公開で査読が行われますので、恥ずかしくもありますが、学生に論文執筆のプロセスを見せられるのもメリットだと思います。
参考URL
＜筑波大学ゲートウェイURL＞
https://f1000research.com/tsukuba
＜筑波大学URL＞
http://www.tsukuba.ac.jp/
<F1000Research社 公式サイト（英語）>
https://f1000research.com/
<F1000Research社 Twitter（英語）>
https://twitter.com/F1000Research
<筑波大学ゲートウェイ特集号『ブランカ』 URL>
https://blankaonline.com/ja/feature/volume-7-ja/
問合わせ先
森本行人（もりもと ゆきひと）
筑波大学 URA研究戦略推進室 リサーチ・アドミニストレーター
〒305-8577 茨城県つくば市天王台1-1-1
E-mail:jig-f1000[at]un.tsukuba.ac.jp ([at] を @ に置き換えてください)
Tel: 029-853-4434（当面の間テレワークのためメールでお問い合わせください）
新道真代（しんどう まさよ）
筑波大学 URA研究戦略推進室 チーフ・リサーチ・アドミニストレーター
E-mail: jig-f1000[at]un.tsukuba.ac.jp ([at] を @ に置き換えてください)
Leanne Elliott（リアン・エリオット）
F1000 Research Limited Head of Communications
E-mail: leanne.elliott#@#f1000.com (#@# を @ に置き換えてください)
The University of Tsukuba launches open access publishing hub for scientific papers in both English and Japanese
Today, the University of Tsukuba launched its own open access publishing hub that will enable researchers to publish in either English or Japanese.
The hub, which is hosted on the F1000Research site, adopts its pioneering approach to open science publishing. Not only does the publishing hub, known as the University of Tsukuba Gateway, make it simple for authors affiliated with the University of Tsukuba to publish any research or data they wish to share rapidly, openly and transparently, but it also enables those studying the humanities and social sciences to choose whether to publish in English or in Japanese, revolutionising how the results of research in Japan are disseminated.
The Gateway welcomes research from all fields in the physical, biological, medical, and social sciences, arts and humanities, in all forms, from traditional research articles to a protocols, registered reports, data notes, case studies and much more.
Comments from the people concerned
NAGATA Kyosuke, President of the University of Tsukuba said:
“Creating a publishing platform that transcends the language barrier is of great significance. As a university that caters to all disciplines, we at the University of Tsukuba felt that we must do something to make the world more aware of the value of humanities and social sciences researchers. The F1000Research gateway allows researchers to submit papers in Japanese, and if certain criteria are met, these papers will be indexed in international databases. ( blank:a, vol.7, 2021, p.16).
“Scientists and scholars must take charge of the core of research—this is the most important message we want to convey. ( blank:a, vol.7, 2021, p.7)”
The first Japanese language articles to be published on the University of Tsukuba Gateway are:
COVID-19 Measures and the Japanese Constitution By Hajime Akiyama
Since March 2020, the Act on Special Measures for Pandemic Influenza and New Infectious Diseases Preparedness and Response has been a significant statute in dealing with COVID-19 in Japan. The Act mandates requests and orders for business suspension and shortened business hours, and stay-at-home requests. Although there have been no penalties as of January 2021, these requests and orders limit freedom of movement and establishment, guaranteed rights under the Japanese Constitution. This article poses the following research question: “Does the Japanese Constitution allow measures against COVID-19 such as requests and orders for business suspension and shortened business hours, and stay-at-home requests?” It also asks: “Are measures with penalties allowed by the Constitution?” This paper argues while introducing constitutional concepts that guarantee or limit individual freedom that since measures against COVID-19 are considered public welfare, the Constitution allows limiting freedom of establishment and movement.
Hajime Akiyama, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, said:
“I am researching COVID-19 measures from a Japanese constitutional perspective. Since this is a timely issue that is highly relevant to society, I wished to publish a Japanese article that can be read by the general public in Japan. I also wanted to share the article with scholars researching COVID-19 globally so that they would be able to know a legal discussion in Japan concerning COVID-19 measures. The University of Tsukuba Gateway associated with F1000Research was ideal for me because I could submit my article in Japanese, and the English abstract would be read by scholars on natural sciences globally. This Gateway is attractive because it enables to share the result of research with both the Japanese general public and scholars all over the world in a timely manner. Its open peer-review process is attractive too because students can learn the process of writing and peer-review.”
Motoda Nagazane’s Standards of Confucianism –Between Confucianism and Emperor Centralism–
by Seogin Eom
This paper discusses the ideological significance of the activities of Motoda Nagazane, who, in the latter half of his life, became an attendant of Emperor Meiji as a member of the Kumamoto school of practical science. While the times were trending towards modernisation and Westernisation, Motoda Nagazane led a conservative reaction attempting to restore Confucianist politics/policies. I scrutinise the theories of revolution and lineage, considering the history of East Asian Confucianism and comparing Motoda’s assertions to the views expressed by Kumazawa Banzan. In doing so, I assert that Motoda’s consistent attitude shows that he does not approve of the theory of revolution and that he regards the theory of lineage as an established fact. Thus, he highlights the cultivation of virtues in rulers, adopting the stance typically taken by Confucian scholars in the history of Japanese ideology.
The gateway has also published the following English language articles:
Relations between the EU, Turkey, and Japan: dissonances in the strategic triangle by Atsuko Higashino
Atsuko Higashino said: “One of the greatest advantages of this open-identity review system is that the authors can nominate their potential referees. In my case, I registered the names of ‘the best and the brightest’ of the field. I was pleasantly surprised to see that 4 out of 5 experts agreed to review and give their comments to my paper. I believe that their comments that are published on F1000 would be of invaluable academic contributions in themselves.”
From Yasashii Nihongo in non-disaster times towards a plurilingual language education approach: an outlook from the perspective of “reasonable accommodation” by Hideaki Ito and Alexander Tokarev
Genome-wide screening of upstream transcription factors using an expression library by Naoya Yahagi and Yoshinori Takeuchi
Naoya Yahagi said: “Our original method is a valuable resource to biologists working on identifying regulatory transcription factors, which is why we wanted to share this procedure with the community. The University of Tsukuba gateway accepts Brief Reports, which enabled us to openly share this method, helping to increase its visibility and broaden its dissemination. Afterall, it should be articles that determine the value of journals, rather than journals judging the impact of articles. We also liked that the peer review process is transparent, allowing all to see how the work has been evaluated.”
Over the past few years, there have been huge strides towards open research around the world. The 2016 Amsterdam Call for Open Science led the way for a raft of initiatives across Europe to rethink how research is conducted and disseminated, and how researchers and their institutions are rewarded and incentivized.
Across the world, and notably in the US and China, there has been significant momentum in the development of policies designed to ensure full open access to new research. Increasingly today, open access policies are accompanied by requirements to provide access to any data, code and resources that underpin research findings, to better support the use and reuse of those discoveries so that we can build on those findings to enable the next big discoveries and innovations.
The University of Tsukuba have therefore shown real leadership and innovation in not only embracing open research publishing practices but also establishing our first partnership to offer a full bi-lingual service.
Rebecca Lawrence, Managing Director of F1000 Research Ltd said:
“It is wonderful to see that the first articles have now been published on the University of Tsukuba Gateway. This is a very important collaboration for us, providing an opportunity to work together to learn and evolve our publish model so that open research publishing models can better serve the scholarly community. We are thrilled to have the opportunity to work with colleagues at the University of Tsukuba and look forward to supporting their researchers in maximizing the reach and impact of their scholarly outputs.”
About F1000 Research Ltd
F1000 Research Ltd provides innovative open access publishing platforms offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing for the research community. F1000 Research Ltd’s own publishing platform, F1000Research, was launched in 2013 and was the first open research publishing platform combining the ability to publish rapidly with functionality to ensure transparency, robustness and reproducibility of research. Building upon the growth and success of its core platform, F1000 Research Ltd also provides fully managed, open research publishing services directly to research funders and institutions, including Wellcome, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and soon to launch with the European Commission. F1000 Research Ltd is wholly owned by the Taylor and Francis Group, an Informa Group company.
Website: https://f1000research.com/ Twitter: @F1000Research
About the University of Tsukuba
The University of Tsukuba was originally founded as a Normal School in 1872, becoming the first institution of higher education in Japan. In 1973, it was relocated from Tokyo to Tsukuba Science City and re-born as a new concept university. Taking full advantage of being at the heart of Japan’s premier science city, the university has developed innovative systems in research, education and management. Over the years, it has flourished as one of Japan’s top research universities in diverse fields such as the humanities, social sciences, natural and life sciences, engineering, medicine, sports sciences, arts and design; boasting Nobel laureates, Olympic and Paralympic medalists as well as successful entrepreneurs amongst its faculty and graduates.
Website: http://www.tsukuba.ac.jp/en/
Contact Information
MORIMOTO Yukihito, PhD
University Research Administrator
University of Tsukuba
email: jig-f1000[at]un.tsukuba.ac.jp
(Please change [at] to @ from the above email address before sending the email.)
SHINDO Masayo, PhD
Chief University Research Administrator
University of Tsukuba
email: jig-f1000[at]un.tsukuba.ac.jp
(Please change [at] to @ from the above email address before sending the email.)
Leanne Elliott
F1000 Research Limited Head of Communications
Email: leanne.elliott#@#f1000.com
(Remove “#” from the above e-mail address before sending mail.)